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Augusto Boal

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Augusto Boal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Boal presenting a workshop on the <a href="Riverside_Church" title="Riverside Church">Riverside Church</a> in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, 13 May 2008.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1931-03-16)16 March 1931 <a href="Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2 May 2009(2009-05-02) (aged 78) <a href="Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="Theatre_practitioner" title="Theatre practitioner">Theatre practitioner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="Theatre_of_the_Oppressed" title="Theatre of the Oppressed">Theatre of the Oppressed</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Augusto Boal (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style>Brazilian Portuguese: [awˈgustu boˈaw]; 16 March 1931 – 2 May 2009) was a Brazilian theatre practitioner, drama theorist, and political activist. He was the founder of <a href="Theatre_of_the_Oppressed" title="Theatre of the Oppressed">Theatre of the Oppressed</a>, a theatrical form originally used in <a href="Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">radical left</a> popular education movements. Boal served one term as a Vereador (the Brazilian equivalent of a city councillor) in <a href="Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> from 1993 to 1997, where he developed <a href="Theatre_of_the_Oppressed#Legislative_theatre" title="Theatre of the Oppressed">legislative theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PTO-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3></div>

Augusto Boal studied at Columbia University in New York with the critic John Gassner. Gassner introduced Boal to the techniques of both <a href="Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> and <a href="Konstantin_Stanislavski" title="Konstantin Stanislavski">Konstantin Stanislavski</a>, and encouraged Boal to form links with theatre groups like the Black Experimental Theatre. In 1955 Boal staged productions of two of his own plays, The Horse and the Saint and The House Across the Street.<a href="#cite_note-Eckersley-2">[2]</a> In 1956, shortly after graduating, Boal was asked to work with the Arena Theatre in <a href="S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, southeast Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-Babbage-3">[3]</a> Boal was in charge of directing plays along with other <a href="Dramaturg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramaturg">dramaturgs</a> such as José Renato, who was also the founder of the Arena Theatre. It was here that he began to experiment with new forms of theatre never before seen in Brazil, such as <a href="Stanislavski's_'system'" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislavski's 'system'">Stanislavski's 'system'</a> for actors, with which he became familiar during his time at Columbia and when involved with the <a href="Actors_Studio" title="Actors Studio">Actors Studio</a> in New York. Boal adapted these methods to social conditions in Brazil, taking a leftist approach on issues concerning nationalism, which were very much in vogue at that time period since the country had just undergone a long period of military dictatorship.<a href="#cite_note-itaucultural.org.br-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_at_the_Arena_Theatre_of_São_Paulo">Work at the Arena Theatre of São Paulo</h3></div>

While working at the <a href="Teatro_de_Arena" title="Teatro de Arena">Arena Theatre</a> in São Paulo, Boal directed a number of classical dramas, which he transformed to make them more pertinent to Brazilian society and its economy. Among these plays was <a href="John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s <a href="Of_Mice_and_Men_(play)" title="Of Mice and Men (play)">Of Mice and Men</a>, known in Brazil as Ratos e Homens. This was Boal's first performance as a director at the Arena Theatre of São Paulo. Critics acclaimed this piece and Boal won the Prêmio de Revelação de Direção (Direction Revelation Award) from the Association of Art Critics of São Paulo, in 1956. In the early sixties, the ratings at the Arena Theatre of São Paulo started to drop, almost causing the theatre to go bankrupt. Consequently, the company decided to start investing in national theatre (pieces written by Brazilian dramaturgs) as a move that could possibly save it from bankruptcy. The new investment proved to be a success, opening up the path for a national theatre scene. Boal then suggested the creation of a Seminar in Dramaturgy at the Arena Theatre, which was quickly implemented and soon became a national platform for many young playwrights. Many successful productions were born from this Seminar and now form part of the Arena Theatre of São Paulo's nationalist phase repertoire. One of these productions was Chapetuba Futebol Clube, written by <a href="Oduvaldo_Vianna_Filho" title="Oduvaldo Vianna Filho">Oduvaldo Vianna Filho</a> in 1959 and directed by Augusto Boal.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3></div>

A new military regime started in Brazil in 1964 with a <a href="1964_Brazilian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">coup d'état</a> supported by the Brazilian elite, the industrialists, the military, as well as by the United States,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Boal's teachings were controversial, and as a cultural activist he was seen as a threat by the Brazilian military regime. In 1971, Boal was kidnapped off the street, arrested, tortured, and eventually exiled to <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PTO-1">[1]</a> where he stayed for five years. During those five years, Boal published two books: Torquemada (1971) and his much acclaimed <a href="Theatre_of_the_Oppressed" title="Theatre of the Oppressed">Theatre of the Oppressed</a> (1973). Torquemada is about the Brazilian military regime's systematic use of torture in prison.<a href="#cite_note-cafemoiru.blogspot.com-8">[8]</a> Boal takes the name of the leading figure of the <a href="Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>, <a href="Tomas_de_Torquemada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomas de Torquemada">Tomas de Torquemada</a>, as an example of historical forms of systematic torture. In Theatre of the Oppressed Boal develops a theatrical method based on <a href="Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed" title="Pedagogy of the Oppressed">Pedagogy of the Oppressed</a>, a book by the Brazilian educator and writer <a href="Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a> (who was also a good friend of Boal).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

Boal's method (which has been implemented in various communities around the world) seeks to transform audiences into active participants in the theatrical experience. Boal argues that traditional theatre is oppressive since spectators usually do not get a chance to express themselves and that a collaboration between both parties, in contrast, allows spectators to perform actions that are socially liberating. The method, as Boal liked to explain, seeks to transform spectators into "spect-actors."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> When the political climate in Brazil forced Boal into exile in 1971, he initially went to <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and then Argentina, where he completed and published his seminal theoretical work The Theatre of the Oppressed and consolidated his conscientização (consciousness-raising) theatre work based on the idea of Brazilian educationalist Paulo Freire.<a href="#cite_note-Babbage-3">[3]</a> Freire's methods were a revolt against the elitist "top-down" approach to education and he advocated critical-awareness-based education models. Boal's work in Peru with the ALFIN project, a movement which sought to use a range of languages including "artistic languages" to eradicate illiteracy, developed his ideas and methodology away from the agit-prop of his Brazilian Arena Theatre days and sought to engage theatre as a pedagogical tool. Crucial to this time was Boal's attempts to break down the divisions between spectator and actor. It is around this time that invented the term "spect-actor", a term that he saw as establishing the frameworks within which he wished to work.<a href="#cite_note-Eckersley-2">[2]</a> He saw that the passivity of the spectator could be broken down by the following steps by which the spectator becomes the spect-actor:

<ul><li>Knowing the body (by body he means both the individual "body" and the collective "body" in a Marxist sense)</li>

<li>Making the body expressive</li>

<li>Using theatre as a language</li>

<li>Using theatre as discourse</li></ul>

After living in Argentina, Boal travelled to other countries in South America such as <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, where he worked with people in small and usually poor communities that dealt with conflicts such as civil wars and lack of government attention. Boal was of the opinion that only the oppressed are able to free the oppressed. In Peru, Boal practiced his <a href="Forum_theatre" title="Forum theatre">Forum theatre</a> method, in which spectator replaces actor to determine the solution to a given problem presented by the actor, which can also be a real problem someone in the community is facing. Boal also lived in Paris, France, for a number of years, where he created several Centers for the Theatre of the Oppressed, directed plays, and also taught classes at the <a href="Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a>. Boal created the first International Festival for the Theatre of the Oppressed in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-cafemoiru.blogspot.com-8">[8]</a>

While Boal was in exile, his very close friend and Brazilian musician <a href="Chico_Buarque" title="Chico Buarque">Chico Buarque</a> wrote him a letter that would later result in the <a href="Chorinho" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorinho">Chorinho</a> hit called "Meu Caro Amigo" or "My Dear Friend" (1976). In this song, Buarque tells his friend about the situation in Brazil at the time, addressing the military dictatorship in a very subtle but clever way (due to censorship issues, many artists could not express themselves freely).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The melody of the song is very happy and upbeat while the lyrics explain:

<blockquote>My dear friend, please forgive me, if I can’t pay you a visit, but since I found someone to carry a message, I’m sending you news on this tape. Here we play football, there’s lots of samba, lots of choro and rock’n'roll. Some days it rains, some days it’s sunny but I want to tell you that things here are pretty dark. Here, we’re wheeling and dealing for survival, and we’re only surviving because we’re stubborn. And everyone’s drinking because without cachaça, nobody survives this squeeze.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_for_the_Theatre_of_the_Oppressed-CTO-Brazil">Center for the Theatre of the Oppressed-CTO-Brazil</h3></div>

After the fall of the military dictatorship, Boal returned to Brazil after 14 years of exile in 1986. He established a major Center for the Theatre of the Oppressed in <a href="Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> (CTO), whose objective was to study, discuss and express issues concerning citizenship, culture and various forms of oppression using theatrical language. Boal's work in the CTO made way for the approval of a new law that protects crime victims and witnesses in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Boal's group has worked next to numerous organizations that fight for human rights. In 1992, Boal ran for city councillor in Rio de Janeiro as a theatrical act, and he was elected. Boal's support staff was his theatre group, with whom he quickly developed various legislative proposals. His objective was to work out issues citizens might be facing in their communities through theatre and also to discuss the laws of the city of Rio with people on the streets. After having worked to transform spectator into author in Theatre of the Oppressed, Boal initiates the legislative theatre movement process, in which voter becomes legislator. Boal is known to say that he did not create laws arbitrarily while he was city councillor. Instead, he asked people what they wanted. Other politicians were not very fond of this. Out of 40 of Boal's proposed laws, only 13 got approved during his term as councillor of Rio de Janeiro. His term ended in 1996, but he continued performing legislative theatre acts with different groups in Brasília, where four more laws got approved even after Boal had left. Boal also worked with prisoners in Rio and São Paulo. Boal argued that people in prison are not free in space, but that they are in time, and that the Theatre of the Oppressed strives to create different types of freedom so that people are able to imagine and think about the past, the present, and invent the future instead of having to wait for it. All this was in order for prisoners to have "a healthier and more creative lifestyle." People in the Movimento sem Terra or <a href="Landless_Workers_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Landless Workers Movement">Landless Workers Movement</a> of Brazil also experienced working with Boal's theatre methods. Boal's son Julián worked along with his father and now continues to take the Theatre of the Oppressed to various communities in Brazil and around the world. In March 2009, he received the title of "World Theatre Ambassador" from <a href="UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div>

Augusto Boal died on 2 May 2009 at the age of 78 in Rio de Janeiro. Critic Yan Michalski argues that Augusto Boal is the best-known and most respected Brazilian <a href="Theatre_practitioner" title="Theatre practitioner">theatre practitioner</a> abroad.<a href="#cite_note-itaucultural.org.br-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2></div>

Most of Augusto Boal's techniques were created after he realized the limitations of didactic, politically motivated theatre in the poor areas where he worked. He found that his attempts to inspire the people living in poor or "slum" areas to rise up against racial and class inequality were inhibited by his own racial and class background, since he was white and comparatively financially comfortable, as well as his and his colleagues' inhibitions to perform violence themselves. His new techniques allowed the idea of rebellion and the impetus for change to come from within the target group. Much of his early work and teaching was inspired by <a href="Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> philosophy, although much of his work now falls within the boundaries of a center-left ideology.

<a href="Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a> was a major influence on Boal's teachings. He and Freire became close in later years. When Freire died, Boal said: "I am very sad. I have lost my last father. Now all I have are brothers and sisters".<a href="#cite_note-PTO-1">[1]</a>

Boal was also known to quote <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, in which Hamlet argues that theatre is like a mirror that reflects our virtues and defects equally. Although Boal found this quote beautiful, he liked to think of theatre as a mirror in which one can reach in to change reality and to transform it.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_of_the_Oppressed_(London:_Pluto_Press,_1979)">Theatre of the Oppressed (London: Pluto Press, 1979)</h3></div>

Arguably Augusto Boal's most academically influential work<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> is the Theatre of the Oppressed, in which the reader follows Boal's detailed analysis of the <a href="Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics of Aristotle</a> and the early history of Western theatre. Boal contends that the <a href="Aristotelian_ethics" title="Aristotelian ethics">Aristotelian ethic</a> means oppressing the masses, the people, the workers and the spectators in favour of stability and the continued dominance of a privileged few. He argues that the <a href="Tragedy#Greek_tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragi-drama</a>, a formulaic drama style that today could be considered similar to that of <a href="Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap operas</a>, helps the State promote its continued existence. He sees the Brazilian government as an example of an oppressive state using theatre to propagate its oppressive system. He then outlines his early theories and practices for attempting to reverse the paradigm. It also talks about Newspaper Theatre, attempting to talk about local problems and present it to the audiences, Forum Theatre, currently used in over 70 countries, Invisible Theatre, used to discuss political activity and Image Theatre. Theatre of the Oppressed has been translated to more than 25 languages over the years.

Boal also talks about Invisible theatre in which an event is planned and scripted but does not allow the spectators to know that the event is happening. Actors perform out of the ordinary roles which invite spectators to join in or sit back and watch. One example was in a restaurant at the Chiclayo hotel, actors sat at separate tables and informed the waiters in loud voices that they could not eat the food. The actor stated that the food was not good. The waiter says the diner could pick something else to eat. So the actor chose a rather expensive item off the menu and says he will be able to pay for it. The actor mentions he has no money and he would be willing to work for it. This display made other diners start discussing the price and treatment of workers at this hotel. This act allowed spectators to think about issues that were going on but was brushed over because the issue did not directly involve them.<a href="#cite_note-Wardrip-Fruin,_Noah_2003-19">[19]</a>

Analytical theatre is when a participant tells a story and the actors improvise it. Each character is broken down into all the social roles they could follow and the participants choose an object to symbolize the role. This aspect of theatre allows the participants to see how there are multiple roles a person could follow.<a href="#cite_note-Wardrip-Fruin,_Noah_2003-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_For_Actors_and_Non-Actors_(London:_Routledge,_1992;_Second_Edition_2002)">Games For Actors and Non-Actors (London: Routledge, 1992; Second Edition 2002)</h3></div>

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This is probably Augusto Boal's most practically influential book, in which he sets down a brief explanation of his theories, mostly through stories and examples of his work in Europe, and then explains every drama exercise that he has found useful in his practice. In contrast to Theatre of the Oppressed, it contains little academic theory and many practical examples for drama practitioners to use even if not practising theatre that is related to Boal's academic or political ideas. Boal refers to many of these as "gamesercises", as they combine the training and "introversion" of exercises with the fun and "extroversion" of games. It has been influential in the development of Community Theatre and Theatre in Education (T.I.E.) practices worldwide, especially in Europe and South America. These games include Carnival in Rio and Your Friend is Dead.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rainbow_of_Desire:_The_Boal_Method_of_Theatre_and_Therapy._(London:_Routledge,_1995)">The Rainbow of Desire: The Boal Method of Theatre and Therapy. (London: Routledge, 1995)</h3></div>

This book re-evaluates the practices commonly associated with the Theatre of the Oppressed for a new purpose. It has been argued that Boal contradicts himself with this take on his work,<a href="#cite_note-Boal,_Augusto_1995-20">[20]</a> as it mostly concerns itself with creating harmony within society, whereas his early work was concerned with rebellion and upheaval. Boal states that, "Theatre is the passionate combat of two human beings on a platform."<a href="#cite_note-Boal,_Augusto_1995-20">[20]</a> However, Boal's works can be seen as a progression and exploration of a <a href="Left_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left Wing">Left Wing</a> world view rather than a unified theory. In the context of those under-represented in a society, his methodology can be used as a weapon against oppressors. In the context of those in a society who are in need of <a href="Catharsis" title="Catharsis">catharsis</a> for the sake of their own integration into it, it can be switched round to empower that individual to break down internal oppressions that separate that individual from society.

Through his work at French institutions for the mentally ill and elsewhere in Europe, where he discovered concepts such as the "Cop in the Head", the theories presented in this book have been useful in the pioneering field of drama therapy and have been applied by drama practitioners.

Boal states in his work that there are three properties of the aesthetic space. First, is plasticity. He says that one can be without being. Objects can acquire different meaning such as an old chair representing a king's throne. He states that only duration counts and location can be changed. Second, is that the aesthetic space is dichotomic and it creates dichotomy. This idea suggests that there is a space within a space. The stage is in front of the audience and the actor is creating his own space. Third, is telemicroscopic. This idea creates the idea that it is impossible to hide on stage. Every aspect of the space is seen and it makes the far away close-up.<a href="#cite_note-Boal,_Augusto_1995-20">[20]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_books">Other books</h3></div>

<ul><li>Legislative Theatre: Using Performance to Make Politics. London: Routledge, 1998.</li>

<li>Hamlet and the Baker's Son: My Life in Theatre and Politics. London: Routledge, 2001.</li>

<li>The Aesthetics of the Oppressed. London: Routledge, 2006.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2></div>

In 1994, Boal won the UNESCO Pablo Picasso Medal,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and in August 1997, he was awarded the "Career Achievement Award" by the Association of Theatre in Higher Education at their national conference in Chicago, Illinois. Boal is also seen as the inspiration behind 21st-century forms of performance-activism, such as the "Optative Theatrical Laboratories".

Boal received The Cross Border Award for Peace and Democracy by <a href="Dundalk_Institute_of_Technology" title="Dundalk Institute of Technology">Dundalk Institute of Technology</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Boal has in many ways influenced many artists in new media with his participatory modes of expression, especially as the <a href="World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> has become such a powerful tool for participation and communication. Notable examples include <a href="Learning_to_Love_You_More" title="Learning to Love You More">Learning to Love You More</a>, <a href="Happening" title="Happening">happenings</a>, and <a href="Steve_Lambert" title="Steve Lambert">Steve Lambert</a>'s Why They Hate US.

<ul><li><a href="Applied_Drama" title="Applied Drama">Applied Drama</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_theatre" title="Community theatre">Community theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a></li>

<li><a href="Playback_Theatre" title="Playback Theatre">Playback Theatre</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-PTO-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PTO_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PTO_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PTO_1-2">c</a> Paterson, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302151127/http://www.ptoweb.org/boal.html">A Brief Biography of Augusto Boal</a>. ptoweb.or

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<li id="cite_note-Eckersley-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eckersley_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckersley_2-1">b</a> Eckersley, M. (1995). "A Matter of Style – The Theatre of Augusto Boal". Mask Magazine. Vol. 18 No. 3. Drama Victoria. Melbourne.

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBabbage,_Frances2004" class="citation book cs1">Babbage, Frances (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs-V2rjZZOgC">Augusto Boal</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-27325-1</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-itaucultural.org.br-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itaucultural.org.br_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-itaucultural.org.br_4-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itaucultural.org.br/aplicExternas/enciclopedia_teatro/index.cfm?fuseaction=personalidades_biografia&cd_verbete=703">Enciclopedia Itau Cultural- Teatro- Augusto Boal's Biography (In Portuguese)</a>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opalco.com.br/foco.cfm?persona=autores&controle=131">O Palco. Biographical info Augusto Boal (In Portuguese).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141120031737/http://www.opalco.com.br/foco.cfm?persona=autores&controle=131">Archived</a> November 20, 2014, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_Boal#Teatro_de_Arena" class="extiw external" title="pt:Augusto Boal">Directly translated from the Augusto Boal Wiki page in Portuguese.</a>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSkidmore1999" class="citation book cs1">Skidmore, Thomas (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brazilfivecentur00skid">Brazil: Five Centuries of Change</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brazilfivecentur00skid/page/155">155</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-505810-0</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-cafemoiru.blogspot.com-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cafemoiru.blogspot.com_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafemoiru.blogspot.com_8-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cafemoiru.blogspot.com/2009/05/murio-augusto-boal-creador-del-teatro.html">"murio augusto boal, creador del teatro del oprimido"</a>. Cafemoiru.blogspot.com (May 2009). Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spunk.org/texts/art/sp000338.html">"Theater of the oppressed"</a>. Spunk.org. Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_del_Oprimido" class="extiw external" title="es:Teatro del Oprimido">es:Teatro del Oprimido</a>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mandioca.wordpress.com/2008/02/14/augusto-boal/">Augusto Boal: candidato a Premio Nobel de la Paz, mandioca.lelê</a>. Mandioca.wordpress.com (2008-02-14). Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lidous.net/2008/09/24/my-dear-friends/">My dear friends</a>. lidous.net (2008-09-24)

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFda_Silveira,_José_Braz2005" class="citation book cs1">da Silveira, José Braz (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=51N0YNg5D6IC&pg=PA65">A proteção à testemunha & o crime organizado no Brasil</a>. Jurua Editora. pp. 65–. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-85-362-0763-6</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panuelosenrebeldia.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=248&Itemid=253">Entrevista al brasileño Augusto Boal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706082030/http://www.panuelosenrebeldia.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=248&Itemid=253">Archived</a> July 6, 2011, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://josekuller.wordpress.com/38-entrevista-com-augusto-boal/">38- Entrevista com Augusto Boal | Arquivo68</a>. Josekuller.wordpress.com. Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaharris.iweb.bsu.edu/BoalEssay.htm">The Theatre of the Oppressed: The Philosophy of Augusto Boal, by Kevin A. Harris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326020058/http://kaharris.iweb.bsu.edu/BoalEssay.htm">Archived</a> March 26, 2009, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709193214/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1997_Nov/ai_20099663/">The theatre of the oppressed, by Augusto Boal. UNESCO Courier, Nov, 1997.</a>. Archive.today (2012-07-09). Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707052756/http://ciruelo.uninorte.edu.co/pdf/invest_desarrollo/12-1/empowering_the_opressed.pdf">"Empowering the oppressed through participatory theatre, by Arvind Singhal"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ciruelo.uninorte.edu.co/pdf/invest_desarrollo/12-1/empowering_the_opressed.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2009-05-03.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Wardrip-Fruin,_Noah_2003-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wardrip-Fruin,_Noah_2003_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wardrip-Fruin,_Noah_2003_19-1">b</a> Wardrip-Fruin, Noah, and Nick Montfort (2003). "From Theatre of the Oppressed." <a href="The_New_Media_Reader" title="The New Media Reader">The New Media Reader</a>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 2003. pp. 339–52.

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<li id="cite_note-Boal,_Augusto_1995-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boal,_Augusto_1995_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boal,_Augusto_1995_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boal,_Augusto_1995_20-2">c</a> Boal, Augusto (1995). The Rainbow of Desire: the Boal Method of Theatre and Therapy. London: Routledge.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.unesco.org/WS_acces.aspx?langRecherche=EN&idEvent=000000001A447390AA6611CD9BC800AA002FC45A09007B4BDA8D71164646B11CF38FABFBB67500000098060B00007B4BDA8D71164646B11CF38FABFBB675000002FDE7800000">UNESCO. World Theatre Day</a>. Events.unesco.org. Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.dkit.ie/about_dkit/institute_news/denis_cummins_to_make_presentation_to_augusto_boal">Denis Cummins to make presentation to Augusto Boal</a>. Ww2.dkit.ie. Retrieved on 2019-09-06.

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<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002621/http://ww2.dkit.ie/about_dkit/podcasts/dkitalk/augusto_boal_founder_of_theatre_of_the_oppressed_3rd_april_2008/augusto_boal_unplugged_at_the_abbey_april_3rd_2008">"Augusto Boal unplugged at the Abbey"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.dkit.ie/about_dkit/podcasts/dkitalk/augusto_boal_founder_of_theatre_of_the_oppressed_3rd_april_2008/augusto_boal_unplugged_at_the_abbey_april_3rd_2008">the original</a> on 2008-12-13. Retrieved 2009-05-03.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Augusto_Boal" class="extiw external" title="commons:Augusto Boal">Augusto Boal</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

<li> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Augusto_Boal" class="extiw external" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Augusto Boal">Augusto Boal</a> at Wikiquote</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102121619/http://www.iti-worldwide.org/theatredaymessage.html">International Theatre Institute – Author of the World Theatre Day Message 2009 Augusto Boal</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070422223436/http://www.theatreoftheoppressed.org/en/index.php?useFlash=1">International Theatre of the Oppressed Organisation.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toplab.org">Theatre of the Oppressed Laboratory – New York City worked with Boal from 1991</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2005/6/3/famed_brazilian_artist_augusto_boal_on">Augusto Boal</a> Interview on Democracy Now! in 2005</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516010000/http://i3.democracynow.org/2009/5/6/augusto_boal_founder_of_the_theater">Augusto Boal, Founder of the Theatre of the Oppressed, Dies at 78</a> Interview on Democracy Now! in 2007</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/06/augusto-boal-obituary">Guardian Obituary, May 6, 2009</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/09/theater/09boal.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries">New York Times Obituary, May 9, 2009</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091203102139/http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/10863/1/">A Tribute to a Brazilian Writer Who Made Theater into a Weapon for the Oppressed</a> June 28, 2009</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giollicoop.it">Giolli, an Italian cooperative that works with his method</a> August 11, 2009</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardboardcitizens.org.uk">Cardboard Citizens – The UK's Theatre of the Oppressed Practitioners</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccdc.in">Centre for Community Dialogue and Change, India: Breaking Patterns, Creating Change – Conducting Theatre of the Oppressed Workshops and Research especially in Education and Healthcare</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctorio.org.br/home/">Center for Theatre of the Oppressed</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Order_of_Cultural_Merit_(Brazil)142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ordem_do_M%C3%A9rito_Cultural" title="Ordem do Mérito Cultural">Order of Cultural Merit</a> (Brazil)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Antônio Carlos Magalhães">Antônio Carlos Magalhães</a></li>

<li><a href="Celso_Furtado" title="Celso Furtado">Celso Furtado</a></li>

<li><a href="Fernanda_Montenegro" title="Fernanda Montenegro">Fernanda Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3osinho_Trinta" title="Joãosinho Trinta">Joãosinho Trinta</a></li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Amado" title="Jorge Amado">Jorge Amado</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Mindlin" title="José Mindlin">José Mindlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Sarney" title="José Sarney">José Sarney</a></li>

<li>Nascimento Brito</li>

<li><a href="Nise_da_Silveira" title="Nise da Silveira">Nise da Silveira</a></li>

<li><a href="Pietro_Maria_Bardi" title="Pietro Maria Bardi">Pietro Maria Bardi</a></li>

<li>Ricardo Gribel</li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Marinho" title="Roberto Marinho">Roberto Marinho</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Athos_Bulc%C3%A3o" title="Athos Bulcão">Athos Bulcão</a></li>

<li><a href="Bibi_Ferreira" title="Bibi Ferreira">Bibi Ferreira</a></li>

<li><a href="Caryb%C3%A9" title="Carybé">Carybé</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Eduardo_Moreira_Ferreira" title="Carlos Eduardo Moreira Ferreira">Carlos Eduardo Moreira Ferreira</a></li>

<li><a href="Edemar_Cid_Ferreira" title="Edemar Cid Ferreira">Edemar Cid Ferreira</a></li>

<li><a href="Francisco_Brennand" title="Francisco Brennand">Francisco Brennand</a></li>

<li><a href="Andr%C3%A9_Franco_Montoro" class="mw-redirect" title="André Franco Montoro">Franco Montoro</a></li>

<li>Jens Olesen</li>

<li>Joel Mendes Rennó</li>

<li>Max Justo Guedes</li>

<li><a href="Deosc%C3%B3redes_Maximiliano_dos_Santos" title="Deoscóredes Maximiliano dos Santos">Mestre Didi</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C3%A9lida_Pi%C3%B1on" title="Nélida Piñon">Nélida Piñon</a></li>

<li><a href="Olavo_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Olavo Setúbal">Olavo Setúbal</a></li>

<li>Padre Vaz</li>

<li>Sérgio Motta</li>

<li><a href="Walter_Salles" title="Walter Salles">Walter Salles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ad%C3%A9lia_Prado" title="Adélia Prado">Adélia Prado</a></li>

<li>Antônio Poteiro</li>

<li>Antônio Salgado</li>

<li><a href="Braguinha_(composer)" title="Braguinha (composer)">Braguinha</a></li>

<li>David Assayag</li>

<li><a href="Diogo_Pacheco" title="Diogo Pacheco">Diogo Pacheco</a></li>

<li>Dona Lenoca</li>

<li><a href="Fayga_Ostrower" title="Fayga Ostrower">Fayga Ostrower</a></li>

<li>Gilberto Chateaubriand</li>

<li>Gilberto Ferrez</li>

<li>Helena Severo</li>

<li><a href="Hilda_Hilst" title="Hilda Hilst">Hilda Hilst</a></li>

<li>Jorge da Cunha Lima</li>

<li>Jorge Gerdau</li>

<li>José Ermírio de Moraes</li>

<li>José Safra</li>

<li><a href="L%C3%BAcio_Costa" title="Lúcio Costa">Lúcio Costa</a></li>

<li>Luís Carlos Barreto</li>

<li>Mãe Olga do Alaketu</li>

<li>Marcos Vilaça</li>

<li><a href="Maria_Clara_Machado" title="Maria Clara Machado">Maria Clara Machado</a></li>

<li>Robert Broughton</li>

<li>Ubiratan Aguiar</li>

<li>Wladimir Murtinho</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abram Szajman</li>

<li><a href="Altamiro_Carrilho" title="Altamiro Carrilho">Altamiro Carrilho</a></li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Britto" title="Antônio Britto">Antônio Britto</a></li>

<li><a href="Ariano_Suassuna" title="Ariano Suassuna">Ariano Suassuna</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Diegues" title="Carlos Diegues">Carlos Diegues</a></li>

<li>Décio de Almeida Prado</li>

<li><a href="Franz_Weissmann" title="Franz Weissmann">Franz Weissmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_Martins" title="João Carlos Martins">João Carlos Martins</a></li>

<li>José Hugo Celidônio</li>

<li><a href="Lily_Marinho" title="Lily Marinho">Lily Marinho</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A3e_Cleusa_Millet" title="Mãe Cleusa Millet">Mãe Cleusa Millet</a></li>

<li>Milu Villela</li>

<li><a href="Miguel_Jorge" title="Miguel Jorge">Miguel Jorge</a></li>

<li>Dona Neuma</li>

<li>Octavio Frias</li>

<li>Olavo Monteiro de Carvalho</li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Autran" title="Paulo Autran">Paulo Autran</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_C%C3%A9sar_Ximenes" title="Paulo César Ximenes">Paulo César Ximenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Roseana_Sarney" title="Roseana Sarney">Roseana Sarney</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruth_Rocha" title="Ruth Rocha">Ruth Rocha</a></li>

<li>Ruy Mesquita</li>

<li><a href="Sebasti%C3%A3o_Salgado" title="Sebastião Salgado">Sebastião Salgado</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter_Hugo_Khouri" title="Walter Hugo Khouri">Walter Hugo Khouri</a></li>

<li>Zenildo Gonzaga Zoroastro de Lucena</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abraham Koogan</li>

<li><a href="Almir_Gabriel" title="Almir Gabriel">Almir Gabriel</a></li>

<li><a href="Aloysio_de_Andrade_Faria" title="Aloysio de Andrade Faria">Aloysio Faria</a></li>

<li>Ana Maria Diniz</li>

<li>Angel Vianna</li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Houaiss" title="Antônio Houaiss">Antônio Houaiss</a></li>

<li>Beatriz Pimenta Camargo</li>

<li>Ecyla Brandão</li>

<li><a href="Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a></li>

<li>Esther Bertoletti</li>

<li><a href="H%C3%A9lio_Jaguaribe" title="Hélio Jaguaribe">Hélio Jaguaribe</a></li>

<li>Hermínio Bello de Carvalho</li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Borges" title="José Francisco Borges">J. Borges</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Antunes" title="João Antunes">João Antunes</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_Stella_de_Azevedo_Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos">Mãe Stella de Oxóssi</a></li>

<li>Maria Cecília Geyer</li>

<li>Maria Delith Balaban</li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_Covas" title="Mário Covas">Mário Covas</a></li>

<li>Paixão Côrtes</li>

<li>Paulo Fontainha Geyer</li>

<li>Romero Magalhães</li>

<li>Washington Novaes</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ana_Maria_Machado" title="Ana Maria Machado">Ana Maria Machado</a></li>

<li>Angela Gutierrez</li>

<li>Dom Geraldo</li>

<li><a href="Dalal_Achcar" title="Dalal Achcar">Dalal Achcar</a></li>

<li><a href="Edino_Krieger" title="Edino Krieger">Edino Krieger</a></li>

<li>Elizabeth D'Angelo Serra</li>

<li>Firmino Ferreira Sampaio Neto</li>

<li><a href="Siron_Franco" title="Siron Franco">Siron Franco</a></li>

<li><a href="Gianfrancesco_Guarnieri" title="Gianfrancesco Guarnieri">Gianfrancesco Guarnieri</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a></li>

<li>José Alves Antunes Filho</li>

<li><a href="Luiz_Henrique_da_Silveira" title="Luiz Henrique da Silveira">Luiz Henrique da Silveira</a></li>

<li>Luiz Sponchiato</li>

<li><a href="Maria_Jo%C3%A3o_Bustorff" title="Maria João Bustorff">Maria João Bustorff</a></li>

<li>Mário Miguel Nicola Garófalo</li>

<li><a href="Martinho_da_Vila" title="Martinho da Vila">Martinho da Vila</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Jos%C3%A9_Pinto_Freire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson José Pinto Freire">Nelson José Pinto Freire</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Tarso_Flecha_de_Lima" title="Paulo Tarso Flecha de Lima">Paulo Tarso Flecha de Lima</a></li>

<li>Plínio Pacheco</li>

<li>Rodrigo Pederneiras Barbosa</li>

<li><a href="Ruth_Escobar" title="Ruth Escobar">Ruth Escobar</a></li>

<li>Sabine Lovatelli</li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Paulo_Rouanet" title="Sérgio Paulo Rouanet">Sérgio Paulo Rouanet</a></li>

<li>Sérgio Amaral</li>

<li><a href="Thomaz_Farkas" title="Thomaz Farkas">Thomaz Farkas</a></li>

<li><a href="Tizuka_Yamasaki" title="Tizuka Yamasaki">Tizuka Yamasaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Zez%C3%A9_Motta" title="Zezé Motta">Zezé Motta</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arthur_Moreira_Lima" title="Arthur Moreira Lima">Arthur Moreira Lima</a></li>

<li><a href="Catherine_Tasca" title="Catherine Tasca">Catherine Tasca</a></li>

<li>Célia Procópio de Araújo Carvalho</li>

<li>Euclides Menezes Ferreira</li>

<li>Fernando Faro</li>

<li><a href="Imp%C3%A9rio_Serrano" title="Império Serrano">G.R.E.S. Império Serrano</a></li>

<li><a href="Portela_(samba_school)" title="Portela (samba school)"> G.R.E.S. Portela</a></li>

<li><a href="Unidos_de_Vila_Isabel" title="Unidos de Vila Isabel">G.R.E.S. Vila Isabel</a></li>

<li><a href="Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Primeira_de_Mangueira" title="Estação Primeira de Mangueira">G.R.E.S. Mangueira</a></li>

<li>Haroldo Costa</li>

<li>Hermínio Bello de Carvalho</li>

<li>Henri Philippe Reichstul</li>

<li>Hildmar Diniz</li>

<li>Ivo Abrahão Nesralla</li>

<li><a href="Jamel%C3%A3o" title="Jamelão">Jamelão</a></li>

<li>João Câmara Filho</li>

<li>Luciana Stegagno Picchio</li>

<li>Luís Antônio Viana</li>

<li><a href="Lygia_Fagundes_Telles" title="Lygia Fagundes Telles">Lygia Fagundes Telles</a></li>

<li>Manuel Salustiano Soares</li>

<li><a href="Milton_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Milton Gonçalves">Milton Gonçalves</a></li>

<li><a href="Milton_Nascimento" title="Milton Nascimento">Milton Nascimento</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulinho_da_Viola" title="Paulinho da Viola">Paulinho da Viola</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilar_del_Castillo" title="Pilar del Castillo">Pilar del Castillo</a></li>

<li><a href="Purificaci%C3%B3n_Carpinteyro_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Purificación Carpinteyro Calderón">Purificación Carpinteyro Calderón</a></li>

<li>Sari Bermúdez</li>

<li><a href="Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Sheila Copps</a></li>

<li>Synésio Scofano Fernandes</li>

<li><a href="Thiago_de_Mello" title="Thiago de Mello">Thiago de Mello</a></li>

<li><a href="Dona_Ivone_Lara" title="Dona Ivone Lara">Yvonne Lara da Costa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Alberto Alves da Silva</li>

<li><a href="Ana_Botafogo" title="Ana Botafogo">Ana Botafogo</a></li>

<li><a href="Candace_Slater" title="Candace Slater">Candace Slater</a></li>

<li>Carlos Roberto Faccina</li>

<li><a href="Federal_University_of_Juiz_de_Fora" title="Federal University of Juiz de Fora">Centro Cultural Pró-Música</a></li>

<li>Dalva Lazaroni</li>

<li><a href="Dominguinhos" title="Dominguinhos">Dominguinhos</a></li>

<li>Dona Lucinha</li>

<li>EDUSP</li>

<li>Eduardo Baptista Vianna</li>

<li>Frances Marinho</li>

<li><a href="George_Savalla_Gomes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Savalla Gomes">George Savalla Gomes</a></li>

<li><a href="Guillermo_O'Donnell" title="Guillermo O'Donnell">Guillermo O'Donnell</a></li>

<li>G.R.E.S. Camisa Verde e Branco</li>

<li><a href="Henry_Sobel" title="Henry Sobel">Henry Sobel</a></li>

<li>Jack Leon Terpins</li>

<li>João Filgueiras</li>

<li>Jon M. Tolman</li>

<li>Júlio Neves</li>

<li>Julio Landmann</li>

<li><a href="Kabengele_Munanga" title="Kabengele Munanga">Kabengele Munanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Lima_Duarte" title="Lima Duarte">Lima Duarte</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_Della_Costa" title="Maria Della Costa">Maria Della Costa</a></li>

<li><a href="Marlui_Miranda" title="Marlui Miranda">Marlui Miranda</a></li>

<li>Mestre Juca</li>

<li><a href="Ni%C3%A8de_Guidon" title="Niède Guidon">Niède Guidon</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Evaristo_Arns" title="Paulo Evaristo Arns">Paulo Evaristo Arns</a></li>

<li><a href="Renato_Borghetti" title="Renato Borghetti">Renato Borghetti</a></li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Carlos_(singer)" title="Roberto Carlos (singer)">Roberto Carlos</a></li>

<li><a href="Roberto_DaMatta" title="Roberto DaMatta">Roberto DaMatta</a></li>

<li>Sergio Kobayashi</li>

<li><a href="Silvio_Barbato" title="Silvio Barbato">Silvio Barbato</a></li>

<li>Tania Mariza Kuchenbecker Rösing</li>

<li><a href="FAPESP" class="mw-redirect" title="FAPESP">Vitae – Apoio à Cultura, Educação e Promoção Social</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Afro_Reggae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro Reggae">Afro Reggae</a></li>

<li><a href="Agostinho_da_Silva" title="Agostinho da Silva">Agostinho da Silva</a></li>

<li><a href="Alo%C3%ADsio_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Aloísio Magalhães">Aloísio Magalhães</a></li>

<li><a href="Antonio_N%C3%B3brega" title="Antonio Nóbrega">Antônio Nóbrega</a></li>

<li><a href="Ary_Barroso" title="Ary Barroso">Ary Barroso</a></li>

<li>ABC-SERRA</li>

<li>Bené Fonteles</li>

<li><a href="Benedito_Nunes" title="Benedito Nunes">Benedito Nunes</a></li>

<li>Boi Caprichoso</li>

<li>Boi Garantido</li>

<li><a href="Candido_Portinari" title="Candido Portinari">Candido Portinari</a></li>

<li><a href="Carmen_Costa" title="Carmen Costa">Carmen Costa</a></li>

<li><a href="Casseta_%26_Planeta" title="Casseta & Planeta">Casseta & Planeta</a></li>

<li><a href="Chico_Buarque_de_Holanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chico Buarque de Holanda">Chico Buarque de Holanda</a></li>

<li>Coral dos Guarani</li>

<li><a href="Dorival_Caymmi" title="Dorival Caymmi">Dorival Caymmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Eduardo_Bueno" title="Eduardo Bueno">Eduardo Bueno</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilberto_Mendes" title="Gilberto Mendes">Gilberto Mendes</a></li>

<li>Grupo Ponto de Partida e o coro Meninos de Araçuaí</li>

<li><a href="Haroldo_de_Campos" title="Haroldo de Campos">Haroldo de Campos</a> </li>

<li><a href="Herbert_Vianna" title="Herbert Vianna">Herbert Vianna</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Pequeno" class="mw-redirect" title="João Pequeno">João Pequeno</a></li>

<li>Jongo da Serrinha</li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Mautner" title="Jorge Mautner">Jorge Mautner</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_Judith_Zuzarte_Cortes%C3%A3o" title="Maria Judith Zuzarte Cortesão">Maria Judith Zuzarte Cortesão</a></li>

<li>Luiz Costa Lima</li>

<li>Mangueira do Amanhã</li>

<li><a href="Manoel_de_Barros" title="Manoel de Barros">Manoel de Barros</a></li>

<li><a href="Mar%C3%ADlia_P%C3%AAra" title="Marília Pêra">Marília Pêra</a></li>

<li><a href="Milton_Santos" title="Milton Santos">Milton Santos</a></li>

<li><a href="Moacyr_Scliar" title="Moacyr Scliar">Moacyr Scliar</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Pereira_dos_Santos" title="Nelson Pereira dos Santos">Nelson Pereira dos Santos</a></li>

<li>Projeto Axé</li>

<li>Projeto Guri</li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Farias" title="Roberto Farias">Roberto Farias</a></li>

<li><a href="Rog%C3%A9rio_Sganzerla" title="Rogério Sganzerla">Rogério Sganzerla</a></li>

<li>Rubinho do Vale</li>

<li>Velha Guarda da Portela</li>

<li><a href="Zez%C3%A9_Di_Camargo_%26_Luciano" title="Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano">Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alberto_da_Costa_e_Silva" title="Alberto da Costa e Silva">Alberto da Costa e Silva</a> </li>

<li><a href="Arnaldo_Angeli_Filho" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnaldo Angeli Filho">Angeli</a> </li>

<li>Arnaldo Carrilho </li>

<li><a href="Caetano_Veloso" title="Caetano Veloso">Caetano Veloso</a> </li>

<li>Candombe do Açude</li>

<li>Companhia Barrica</li>

<li><a href="Cord%C3%A3o_da_Bola_Preta" title="Cordão da Bola Preta">Cordão da Bola Preta</a></li>

<li><a href="Danilo_Miranda" title="Danilo Miranda">Danilo Miranda</a> </li>

<li><a href="Fernando_Sabino" title="Fernando Sabino">Fernando Sabino</a> </li>

<li><a href="Frans_Krajcberg" title="Frans Krajcberg">Frans Krajcberg</a> </li>

<li><a href="Franco_Fontana" title="Franco Fontana">Franco Fontana</a> </li>

<li>Fundação Casa Grande</li>

<li><a href="Geraldo_Sarno" title="Geraldo Sarno">Geraldo Sarno</a></li>

<li><a href="Inezita_Barroso" title="Inezita Barroso">Inezita Barroso</a> </li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Donato" title="João Donato">João Donato</a> </li>

<li>José Júlio Pereira Cordeiro Blanco</li>

<li>Lia de Itamaracá</li>

<li><a href="Liz_Calder" title="Liz Calder">Liz Calder</a></li>

<li>Márcia Haydée</li>

<li><a href="Mauricio_de_Sousa" title="Mauricio de Sousa">Mauricio de Sousa</a></li>

<li>Movimento Arte contra a Barbárie</li>

<li><a href="Odete_Lara" title="Odete Lara">Odete Lara</a></li>

<li><a href="Olga_Praguer_Coelho" title="Olga Praguer Coelho">Olga Praguer Coelho</a> </li>

<li>Orlando Villas-Bôas</li>

<li>Ozualdo Candeias</li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Jos%C3%A9" title="Paulo José">Paulo José</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Mendes_da_Rocha" title="Paulo Mendes da Rocha">Paulo Mendes da Rocha</a></li>

<li>Povo Panará, Mato Grosso e Pará </li>

<li>Pracatum</li>

<li>Projeto Dança Comunidade</li>

<li>Pulsar Companhia de Dança </li>

<li><a href="Rachel_de_Queiroz" title="Rachel de Queiroz">Rachel de Queiroz</a></li>

<li><a href="Renato_Russo" title="Renato Russo">Renato Russo</a></li>

<li>As Ceguinhas de Campina Grande</li>

<li><a href="Teatro_Oficina" title="Teatro Oficina">Teatro Oficina</a></li>

<li>Violeta Arraes</li>

<li>Vó Maria</li>

<li>Walter Firmo</li>

<li><a href="Waly_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Waly Salomão">Waly Salomão</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alfredo_Bosi" title="Alfredo Bosi">Alfredo Bosi</a></li>

<li>Ana das Carrancas</li>

<li>Antonio Jerônimo de Meneses Neto</li>

<li>Antonio Manuel Lima Dias</li>

<li>Augusto Carlos da Silva Teles</li>

<li><a href="Pinduca" title="Pinduca">Pinduca</a></li>

<li>Ballet Stagium</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Lopes" title="Carlos Lopes">Carlos Lopes</a></li>

<li><a href="Cleyde_Y%C3%A1conis" title="Cleyde Yáconis">Cleyde Yáconis</a></li>

<li>Clóvis Moura</li>

<li><a href="Darcy_Ribeiro" title="Darcy Ribeiro">Darcy Ribeiro</a></li>

<li><a href="Eduardo_Coutinho" title="Eduardo Coutinho">Eduardo Coutinho</a></li>

<li><a href="Egberto_Gismonti" title="Egberto Gismonti">Egberto Gismonti</a></li>

<li><a href="Eliane_Lage" title="Eliane Lage">Eliane Lage</a></li>

<li>Grupo Bandolins de Oeiras</li>

<li><a href="Henri_Salvador" title="Henri Salvador">Henri Salvador</a></li>

<li>Isabel Mendes da Cunha</li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a></li>

<li><a href="Almeida_Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="Almeida Prado">José Antônio de Almeida Prado</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Mojica_Marins" title="José Mojica Marins">José Mojica Marins</a></li>

<li>Lino Rojas</li>

<li><a href="Manuel_dos_Reis_Machado" title="Manuel dos Reis Machado">Manuel dos Reis Machado</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_Beth%C3%A2nia" title="Maria Bethânia">Maria Bethânia</a> </li>

<li>Mario Augusto de Berredo Carneiro</li>

<li><a href="Maurice_Capovilla" title="Maurice Capovilla">Maurice Capovilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Dona_Militana" title="Dona Militana">Dona Militana</a></li>

<li><a href="Manguebeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Manguebeat">Movimento Manguebeat</a></li>

<li>Museu Casa do Pontal</li>

<li><a href="Nei_Lopes" title="Nei Lopes">Nei Lopes</a> </li>

<li>Nino Fernandes</li>

<li>Olivério Ferreira</li>

<li>Paulo Linhares</li>

<li>Roger Avanzi </li>

<li><a href="Ruth_de_Souza" title="Ruth de Souza">Ruth de Souza</a> </li>

<li><a href="Silviano_Santiago" title="Silviano Santiago">Silviano Santiago</a></li>

<li><a href="Mestre_Pastinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestre Pastinha">Vicente Joaquim Ferreira Pastinha</a></li>

<li><a href="Ziraldo" title="Ziraldo">Ziraldo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amir_Haddad" title="Amir Haddad">Amir Haddad</a> </li>

<li>Banda de Pífanos de Caruaru </li>

<li>Berthold Zilly </li>

<li>Casa de Cultura Tainã </li>

<li>CEASM</li>

<li><a href="International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">Conselho Internacional de Museus</a> </li>

<li><a href="Cora_Coralina" title="Cora Coralina">Cora Coralina</a> </li>

<li><a href="Curt_Meyer-Clason" title="Curt Meyer-Clason">Curt Meyer-Clason</a> </li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Munduruku" title="Daniel Munduruku">Daniel Munduruku</a> </li>

<li>Dino Garcia Carrera</li>

<li>Dona Teté Cacuriá </li>

<li>Emmanuel Nassar </li>

<li><a href="Universidade_Federal_do_Estado_do_Rio_de_Janeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro">Escola de Museologia da UniRio</a> </li>

<li>Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre </li>

<li><a href="Fernando_Birri" title="Fernando Birri">Fernando Birri</a> </li>

<li><a href="Grupo_Corpo" title="Grupo Corpo">Grupo Corpo</a> </li>

<li>Henry Thorau </li>

<li>Intrépida Trupe </li>

<li>Johannes Odenthal </li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Mindlin" title="José Mindlin">José Mindlin</a> </li>

<li><a href="Josu%C3%A9_de_Castro" title="Josué de Castro">Josué de Castro</a> </li>

<li><a href="J%C3%BAlio_Bressane" title="Júlio Bressane">Júlio Bressane</a> </li>

<li><a href="Laura_Cardoso" title="Laura Cardoso">Laura Cardoso</a> </li>

<li>Lauro César Muniz </li>

<li>Lygia Martins Costa </li>

<li>Luiz Phelipe de Carvalho Castro Andrés</li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_Cravo_Neto" title="Mário Cravo Neto">Mário Cravo Neto</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_de_Andrade" title="Mário de Andrade">Mário de Andrade</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_Pedrosa" title="Mário Pedrosa">Mário Pedrosa</a></li>

<li>Mestre Eugênio</li>

<li>Mestre Verequete </li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Education%2C_Culture_and_Sport_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (Spain)">Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte</a> </li>

<li><a href="Moacir_Santos" title="Moacir Santos">Moacir Santos</a> </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_C%C3%A9sar_Saraceni" title="Paulo César Saraceni">Paulo César Saraceni</a> </li>

<li>Pompeu Christovam de Pina </li>

<li><a href="Racionais_MC's" title="Racionais MC's">Racionais MC's</a> </li>

<li>Ray-Güde Mertin </li>

<li><a href="Rodrigo_Melo_Franco" title="Rodrigo Melo Franco">Rodrigo Melo Franco</a> </li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A1bato_Magaldi" title="Sábato Magaldi">Sábato Magaldi</a> </li>

<li><a href="Santos_Dumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Santos Dumont">Santos Dumont</a></li>

<li><a href="Sivuca" title="Sivuca">Sivuca</a> </li>

<li>Tânia Andrade Lima </li>

<li>Teodoro Freire</li>

<li><a href="Tomie_Ohtake" title="Tomie Ohtake">Tomie Ohtake</a></li>

<li>Vladimir Carvalho</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abdias_Nascimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdias Nascimento">Abdias Nascimento</a> </li>

<li><a href="%C3%81lvaro_Siza_Vieira" title="Álvaro Siza Vieira">Álvaro Siza Vieira</a></li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li>

<li>Associação Cultural Cachuera </li>

<li>Banda Cabaçal dos Irmãos Aniceto </li>

<li>Bárbara Heliodora </li>

<li><a href="Raoni_Metuktire" title="Raoni Metuktire">Cacique Raoni</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartola" title="Cartola">Cartola</a> </li>

<li>Celine Imbert </li>

<li><a href="Cildo_Meireles" title="Cildo Meireles">Cildo Meireles</a></li>

<li><a href="Castelo_R%C3%A1-Tim-Bum" title="Castelo Rá-Tim-Bum">Castelo Rá-Tim-Bum</a> </li>

<li><a href="Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a></li>

<li>Clube do Choro de Brasília </li>

<li>Dodô e Osmar</li>

<li>Escola de Circo Picolino </li>

<li><a href="Glauber_Rocha" title="Glauber Rocha">Glauber Rocha</a> </li>

<li><a href="Grande_Otelo" title="Grande Otelo">Grande Otelo</a> </li>

<li>Grupo Nós do Morro </li>

<li>Hermilo Borba Filho</li>

<li><a href="Lina_Bo_Bardi" title="Lina Bo Bardi">Lina Bo Bardi</a> </li>

<li>Lia Robatto</li>

<li><a href="Luiz_Gonzaga" title="Luiz Gonzaga">Luiz Gonzaga</a> </li>

<li>Luiz Otavio Souza Santos </li>

<li>José Aparecido de Oliveira </li>

<li><a href="Jean-Claude_Bernardet" title="Jean-Claude Bernardet">Jean-Claude Bernardet</a></li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Benjor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Benjor">Jorge Benjor</a> </li>

<li><a href="Judith_Malina" title="Judith Malina">Judith Malina</a> </li>

<li>Kanuá Kamayurá </li>

<li><a href="Marcelo_Grassmann" title="Marcelo Grassmann">Marcelo Grassmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Moniz_Bandeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Moniz Bandeira">Moniz Bandeira</a> </li>

<li><a href="Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi" title="Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</a> </li>

<li><a href="Orides_de_Lourdes_Teixeira_Fontela" class="mw-redirect" title="Orides de Lourdes Teixeira Fontela">Orides Fontela</a> </li>

<li><a href="Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> </li>

<li>Ronaldo Fraga </li>

<li>Selma do Coco </li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Britto_(actor)" title="Sérgio Britto (actor)">Sérgio Britto</a> </li>

<li><a href="Solano_Trindade" title="Solano Trindade">Solano Trindade</a> </li>

<li><a href="T%C3%B4nia_Carrero" title="Tônia Carrero">Tônia Carrero</a> </li>

<li><a href="Tost%C3%A3o" title="Tostão">Tostão</a></li>

<li>Vânia Toledo </li>

<li><a href="Walter_Smetak" title="Walter Smetak">Walter Smetak</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ailton_Krenak" title="Ailton Krenak">Ailton Krenak</a> </li>

<li>Altemar Dutra </li>

<li><a href="Anselmo_Duarte" title="Anselmo Duarte">Anselmo Duarte</a> </li>

<li><a href="Athos_Bulc%C3%A3o" title="Athos Bulcão">Athos Bulcão</a></li>

<li>Benedito Ruy Barbosa </li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Lyra" title="Carlos Lyra">Carlos Lyra</a> </li>

<li><a href="Claudia_Andujar" title="Claudia Andujar">Claudia Andujar</a></li>

<li><a href="Dulcina_de_Moraes" title="Dulcina de Moraes">Dulcina de Moraes</a> </li>

<li>Efigênia Ramos Rolim </li>

<li><a href="Eva_Todor" title="Eva Todor">Eva Todor</a> </li>

<li>Goiandira do Couto</li>

<li><a href="Guimar%C3%A3es_Rosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Guimarães Rosa">Guimarães Rosa</a> </li>

<li><a href="Hans-Joachim_Koellreutter" title="Hans-Joachim Koellreutter">Hans-Joachim Koellreutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Candido_Portinari" title="João Candido Portinari">João Candido Portinari</a> </li>

<li><a href="Johnny_Alf" title="Johnny Alf">Johnny Alf</a> </li>

<li><a href="Leonardo_Villar" title="Leonardo Villar">Leonardo Villar</a> </li>

<li>Maria Bonomi </li>

<li>Marlene</li>

<li><a href="Mercedes_Sosa" title="Mercedes Sosa">Mercedes Sosa</a> </li>

<li><a href="Milton_Hatoum" title="Milton Hatoum">Milton Hatoum</a> </li>

<li>Nelson Triunfo</li>

<li>Marcantônio Vilaça</li>

<li>Otávio Afonso</li>

<li>Orlando Miranda </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Em%C3%ADlio_Sales_Gomes" title="Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes">Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes</a> </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Moura" title="Paulo Moura">Paulo Moura</a></li>

<li><a href="Pixinguinha" title="Pixinguinha">Pixinguinha</a> </li>

<li>Roberto Corrêa </li>

<li><a href="Ruy_Guerra" title="Ruy Guerra">Ruy Guerra</a> </li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Ricardo_(director)" title="Sérgio Ricardo (director)">Sérgio Ricardo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Tatiana_Belinky" title="Tatiana Belinky">Tatiana Belinky</a> </li>

<li>Teresa Aguiar </li>

<li>Vicente Salles </li>

<li>Apiwtxa </li>

<li><a href="Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Brasileira_de_Gays%2C_L%C3%A9sbicas%2C_Bissexuais%2C_Travestis%2C_Transexuais_e_Intersexos" class="mw-redirect" title="Associação Brasileira de Gays, Lésbicas, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Intersexos">ABGLT</a></li>

<li>Associação Comunidade Yuba </li>

<li>Centro Cultural Piollin</li>

<li><a href="Movimento_dos_Trabalhadores_Rurais_Sem_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra">Coletivo Nacional de Cultura do MST</a> </li>

<li>Giramundo Teatro de Bonecos</li>

<li>Instituto Baccarelli </li>

<li>Mestres da Guitarrada</li>

<li>Música no Museu</li>

<li>Quasar Cia de Dança</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aderbal_Freire_Filho" title="Aderbal Freire Filho">Aderbal Freire Filho</a> </li>

<li>Afoxé Filhos de Gandhy</li>

<li>Alexandre Wollner </li>

<li><a href="%C3%82ngela_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ângela Maria">Ângela Maria</a> </li>

<li><a href="Ataulfo_Alves" title="Ataulfo Alves">Ataulfo Alves</a></li>

<li>Balé Popular do Recife</li>

<li><a href="Beatriz_Sarlo" title="Beatriz Sarlo">Beatriz Sarlo</a> </li>

<li>Bispo do Rosário</li>

<li><a href="Boaventura_de_Sousa_Santos" title="Boaventura de Sousa Santos">Boaventura de Sousa Santos</a> </li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Manga" title="Carlos Manga">Carlos Manga</a></li>

<li><a href="Carmen_Miranda" title="Carmen Miranda">Carmen Miranda</a> </li>

<li><a href="Chico_Anysio" title="Chico Anysio">Chico Anysio</a> </li>

<li><a href="Deborah_Colker" title="Deborah Colker">Deborah Colker</a></li>

<li><a href="Davi_Kopenawa_Yanomami" title="Davi Kopenawa Yanomami">Davi Kopenawa Yanomami</a></li>

<li>Elifas Andreato </li>

<li><a href="Fernanda_Abreu" title="Fernanda Abreu">Fernanda Abreu</a> </li>

<li>Fernando Peixoto </li>

<li>Fundação <a href="Iber%C3%AA_Camargo" title="Iberê Camargo">Iberê Camargo</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerson_King_Combo" title="Gerson King Combo">Gerson King Combo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Gilvan_Samico" title="Gilvan Samico">Gilvan Samico</a> </li>

<li>Heleny Guariba</li>

<li>Instituto Olga Kos de Inclusão Cultural </li>

<li><a href="Ivaldo_Bertazzo" title="Ivaldo Bertazzo">Ivaldo Bertazzo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_Agualusa" title="José Eduardo Agualusa">José Eduardo Agualusa</a> </li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Wisnik" title="José Miguel Wisnik">José Miguel Wisnik</a></li>

<li><a href="Laerte_Coutinho" title="Laerte Coutinho">Laerte Coutinho</a> </li>

<li>Luiz Olimecha </li>

<li>Lydia Hortélio </li>

<li>Mamulengo Só-Riso </li>

<li><a href="Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira">Manoel de Oliveira</a> </li>

<li><a href="Maria_L%C3%BAcia_Godoy" title="Maria Lúcia Godoy">Maria Lúcia Godoy</a> </li>

<li>Maracatu Estrela de Ouro de Aliança</li>

<li>Mestre Vitalino </li>

<li><a href="Mia_Couto" title="Mia Couto">Mia Couto</a> </li>

<li><a href="Miguel_Rio_Branco" title="Miguel Rio Branco">Miguel Rio Branco</a> </li>

<li><a href="Nathalia_Timberg" title="Nathalia Timberg">Nathalia Timberg</a> </li>

<li><a href="Ney_Matogrosso" title="Ney Matogrosso">Ney Matogrosso</a> </li>

<li>Noca da Portela</li>

<li><a href="Os_G%C3%AAmeos" class="mw-redirect" title="Os Gêmeos">Os Gêmeos</a></li>

<li><a href="Patativa_do_Assar%C3%A9" title="Patativa do Assaré">Patativa do Assaré</a> </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Vanzolini" title="Paulo Vanzolini">Paulo Vanzolini</a> </li>

<li>Paulo Bruscky</li>

<li><a href="Raul_Seixas" title="Raul Seixas">Raul Seixas</a> </li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Burle_Marx" title="Roberto Burle Marx">Roberto Burle Marx</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Rodrigues_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sérgio Rodrigues (architect)">Sérgio Rodrigues</a></li>

<li>Teatro Vila Velha</li>

<li>ONG Video nas Aldeias</li>

<li><a href="Walmor_Chagas" title="Walmor Chagas">Walmor Chagas</a></li>

<li><a href="Zeca_Pagodinho" title="Zeca Pagodinho">Zeca Pagodinho</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Andrea Tonacci</li>

<li><a href="Anna_Bella_Geiger" title="Anna Bella Geiger">Anna Bella Geiger</a></li>

<li><a href="Armando_Nogueira" title="Armando Nogueira">Armando Nogueira</a></li>

<li>Azelene Kaingang</li>

<li>Cândido Mendes de Almeida</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Drummond_de_Andrade" title="Carlos Drummond de Andrade">Carlos Drummond de Andrade</a></li>

<li>Carlota Albuquerque</li>

<li><a href="Cazuza" title="Cazuza">Cazuza</a></li>

<li><a href="Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora" title="Cesária Évora">Cesária Évora</a></li>

<li>Companhia de Danças Folclóricas Aruanda</li>

<li><a href="Dem%C3%B4nios_da_Garoa" title="Demônios da Garoa">Demônios da Garoa</a></li>

<li>Denise Stoklos</li>

<li>Época de Ouro</li>

<li><a href="Escuela_Internacional_de_Cine_y_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión">Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión</a></li>

<li><a href="Gal_Costa" title="Gal Costa">Gal Costa</a></li>

<li><a href="Gl%C3%B3ria_Pires" title="Glória Pires">Glória Pires</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermeto_Pascoal" title="Hermeto Pascoal">Hermeto Pascoal</a></li>

<li>Ilo Krugli</li>

<li>Ismael Ivo</li>

<li>Ítalo Rossi</li>

<li><a href="Jaguar_(cartoonist)" title="Jaguar (cartoonist)">Jaguar</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Cabral_de_Melo_Neto" title="João Cabral de Melo Neto">João Cabral de Melo Neto</a></li>

<li>João Carlos de Souza Gomes</li>

<li><a href="Joaquim_Nabuco" title="Joaquim Nabuco">Joaquim Nabuco</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%AAnia_Wapixana" title="Joênia Wapixana">Joênia Wapixana</a></li>

<li>Lavadeiras de Almenara</li>

<li>Leon Cakoff</li>

<li><a href="Leonardo_Boff" title="Leonardo Boff">Leonardo Boff</a></li>

<li>Lira Ceciliana</li>

<li>Maracatu Estrela Brilhante de Igarassú</li>

<li>Mário Gruber Correia</li>

<li><a href="Maureen_Bisilliat" title="Maureen Bisilliat">Maureen Bisilliat</a></li>

<li>Maurício Segall</li>

<li>Mestre Alberto da Paz</li>

<li>Moacir Werneck de Castro</li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Rodrigues" title="Nelson Rodrigues">Nelson Rodrigues</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedro_Casald%C3%A1liga" title="Pedro Casaldáliga">Pedro Casaldáliga</a></li>

<li>Rogério Duarte</li>

<li><a href="Tonico_%26_Tinoco" title="Tonico & Tinoco">Tonico</a></li>

<li><a href="Vinicius_de_Moraes" title="Vinicius de Moraes">Vinicius de Moraes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia Brasileira de Letras">Academia Brasileira de Letras</a></li>

<li><a href="Adriana_Varej%C3%A3o" title="Adriana Varejão">Adriana Varejão</a></li>

<li>Afonso Borges</li>

<li><a href="Ana_Montenegro" title="Ana Montenegro">Ana Montenegro</a></li>

<li>Antônio Nóbrega</li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Pitanga" title="Antônio Pitanga">Antônio Pitanga</a></li>

<li>Apolônio Melônio</li>

<li>Associação Capão Cidadão</li>

<li>Associação dos Artesãos de Santana do Araçuaí</li>

<li><a href="Beth_Carvalho" title="Beth Carvalho">Beth Carvalho</a></li>

<li><a href="Campos_de_Carvalho" title="Campos de Carvalho">Campos de Carvalho</a></li>

<li>Capiba</li>

<li>Casa de Produtos Indígenas Wariró</li>

<li><a href="Central_%C3%9Anica_das_Favelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Única das Favelas">Central Única das Favelas</a></li>

<li><a href="Clarice_Lispector" title="Clarice Lispector">Clarice Lispector</a></li>

<li><a href="Claudett_de_Jesus_Ribeiro" title="Claudett de Jesus Ribeiro">Claudett de Jesus Ribeiro</a></li>

<li>Dançando para não dançar</li>

<li><a href="Dzi_Croquettes" title="Dzi Croquettes">Dzi Croquettes</a></li>

<li>Espedito Seleiro</li>

<li>Evando dos Santos</li>

<li>Festival de Dança de Joinville</li>

<li>Festival Santista de Teatro</li>

<li>Glênio Bianchetti</li>

<li>Grupo Galpão</li>

<li>Gustavo Dahl</li>

<li><a href="H%C3%A9ctor_Babenco" title="Héctor Babenco">Héctor Babenco</a></li>

<li><a href="Helena_Kolody" title="Helena Kolody">Helena Kolody</a></li>

<li>Herbert de Sousa</li>

<li><a href="%C3%8Dtala_Nandi" title="Ítala Nandi">Ítala Nandi</a></li>

<li><a href="Jair_Rodrigues" title="Jair Rodrigues">Jair Rodrigues</a></li>

<li>João das Neves</li>

<li>José Renato Pécora</li>

<li><a href="Leila_Diniz" title="Leila Diniz">Leila Diniz</a></li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A9lia_Abramo" title="Lélia Abramo">Lélia Abramo</a></li>

<li><a href="Luiz_Melodia" title="Luiz Melodia">Luiz Melodia</a></li>

<li><a href="Lygia_Bojunga_Nunes" title="Lygia Bojunga Nunes">Lygia Bojunga Nunes</a></li>

<li>Maracatu Estrela de Tracunhaém</li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_Lago" title="Mário Lago">Mário Lago</a></li>

<li><a href="Unisinos" title="Unisinos">Memorial Jesuíta Unisinos</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Cavaquinho" title="Nelson Cavaquinho">Nelson Cavaquinho</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Gracindo" title="Paulo Gracindo">Paulo Gracindo</a></li>

<li>Quinteto Violado</li>

<li>Samba de Cumbuca</li>

<li>Teatro Tablado</li>

<li><a href="Tereza_Costa_R%C3%AAgo" title="Tereza Costa Rêgo">Tereza Costa Rêgo</a></li>

<li><a href="Vik_Muniz" title="Vik Muniz">Vik Muniz</a></li>

<li>Valdemar de Oliveira</li>

<li><a href="Zuzu_Angel" title="Zuzu Angel">Zuzu Angel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abelardo da Hora</li>

<li><a href="Aguinaldo_Silva" title="Aguinaldo Silva">Aguinaldo Silva</a></li>

<li><a href="Alceu_Valen%C3%A7a" title="Alceu Valença">Alceu Valença</a></li>

<li>Almir Narayamoga Suruí</li>

<li><a href="Am%C3%A1cio_Mazzaropi" title="Amácio Mazzaropi">Amácio Mazzaropi</a></li>

<li><a href="Anna_Muylaert" title="Anna Muylaert">Anna Muylaert</a></li>

<li>Associação Carnavalesca Bloco Afro Olodum</li>

<li><a href="Autran_Dourado" title="Autran Dourado">Autran Dourado</a></li>

<li><a href="Breno_Silveira" title="Breno Silveira">Breno Silveira</a></li>

<li>Carlos Alberto Cerqueira Lemos</li>

<li>Cleodes Maria Piazza Julio Ribeiro</li>

<li>Dener Pamplona de Abreu</li>

<li><a href="Elba_Ramalho" title="Elba Ramalho">Elba Ramalho</a></li>

<li><a href="Faf%C3%A1_de_Bel%C3%A9m" title="Fafá de Belém">Fafá de Belém</a></li>

<li>Felipe Schaedler</li>

<li><a href="Hebe_Camargo" title="Hebe Camargo">Hebe Camargo</a></li>

<li><a href="Herivelto_Martins" title="Herivelto Martins">Herivelto Martins</a></li>

<li><a href="Campana_brothers" title="Campana brothers">Humberto Piva Campana and Fernando Piva Campana</a></li>

<li>Escola de Dança e Integração Social Para Criança e Adolescente</li>

<li>Fundação Municipal de Artes de Montenegro</li>

<li>Ifigênia Rosa de Oliveira</li>

<li>Isay Weinfeld</li>

<li>Ismail Xavier</li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Amado" title="Jorge Amado">Jorge Amado</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Sarney" title="José Sarney">José Sarney</a></li>

<li><a href="Marieta_Severo" title="Marieta Severo">Marieta Severo</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A1rio_Schenberg" title="Mário Schenberg">Mário Schenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Martha_Medeiros" title="Martha Medeiros">Martha Medeiros</a></li>

<li>Miguel Chikaoka</li>

<li>Milton Guran</li>

<li>Movimento Gay de Minas</li>

<li>Museu de Valores do Banco Central</li>

<li><a href="National_Historical_Museum_(Brazil)" title="National Historical Museum (Brazil)">Museu Histórico Nacional</a></li>

<li>Orquestra Popular da Bomba do Hemetério</li>

<li>Orlando Orfei</li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Goulart" title="Paulo Goulart">Paulo Goulart</a></li>

<li><a href="Pl%C3%ADnio_Marcos" title="Plínio Marcos">Plínio Marcos</a></li>

<li><a href="Raquel_Trindade" title="Raquel Trindade">Raquel Trindade</a></li>

<li><a href="Regina_Cas%C3%A9" title="Regina Casé">Regina Casé</a></li>

<li><a href="Rose_Marie_Muraro" title="Rose Marie Muraro">Rose Marie Muraro</a></li>

<li><a href="Silvio_Santos" title="Silvio Santos">Senor Abravanel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Abujamra" title="Antônio Abujamra">Antônio Abujamra</a></li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Fagundes" title="Antônio Fagundes">Antônio Fagundes</a></li>

<li>Antunes Filho</li>

<li>Associação de Sambadores e Sambadeiras do Estado da Bahia</li>

<li><a href="B%C3%A1rbara_Paz" title="Bárbara Paz">Bárbara Paz</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Diegues" title="Carlos Diegues">Carlos Diegues</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Munduruku" title="Daniel Munduruku">Daniel Munduruku</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleazar_de_Carvalho" title="Eleazar de Carvalho">Eleazar de Carvalho</a></li>

<li><a href="Erasmo_Carlos" title="Erasmo Carlos">Erasmo Carlos</a></li>

<li>Grupo de Dança Primeiro Ato</li>

<li>Grupo Gay da Bahia</li>

<li>Hélio Cabral</li>

<li><a href="Henfil" title="Henfil">Henfil</a></li>

<li><a href="Laerte" class="mw-redirect" title="Laerte">Laerte Coutinho</a></li>

<li>Lucy Barreto</li>

<li>Maracambuco</li>

<li><a href="Maria_Adelaide_Amaral" title="Maria Adelaide Amaral">Maria Adelaide Amaral</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_C%C3%A2ndido" title="Maria Cândido">Maria Cândido</a></li>

<li><a href="Marlos_Nobre" title="Marlos Nobre">Marlos Nobre</a></li>

<li><a href="Maurice_Capovilla" title="Maurice Capovilla">Maurice Capovilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos" title="Naná Vasconcelos">Naná Vasconcelos</a></li>

<li>Nilcemar Nogueira</li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Archias_Mendes_da_Rocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulo Archias Mendes da Rocha">Paulo Archias Mendes da Rocha</a></li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Borges" title="Paulo Borges">Paulo Borges</a></li>

<li>Roberto Pires</li>

<li><a href="Ronaldo_Correia_de_Brito" title="Ronaldo Correia de Brito">Ronaldo Correia de Brito</a></li>

<li>Rosa Maria dos Santos Alves</li>

<li><a href="Rubem_Braga" title="Rubem Braga">Rubem Braga</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Mamberti" title="Sérgio Mamberti">Sérgio Mamberti</a></li>

<li>Sociedade Junina Bumba Meu Boi da Liberdade</li>

<li><a href="Tomie_Ohtake" title="Tomie Ohtake">Tomie Ohtake</a></li>

<li>Walda Marques</li>

<li>Walter Pinto</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alex_Atala" title="Alex Atala">Alex Atala</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandre_Herchcovitch" title="Alexandre Herchcovitch">Alexandre Herchcovitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Bernardo_Paz" title="Bernardo Paz">Bernardo Paz</a></li>

<li><a href="Bruno_e_Marrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno e Marrone">Bruno e Marrone</a></li>

<li><a href="Celso_Frateschi" title="Celso Frateschi">Celso Frateschi</a></li>

<li>Chico de Assis</li>

<li>Eliane Potiguara</li>

<li>Henricredo Coelho</li>

<li>Hermano Vianna</li>

<li>Jenner Augusto</li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Meirelles" title="José Carlos Meirelles">José Carlos Meirelles</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C3%BAlio_Medaglia" title="Júlio Medaglia">Júlio Medaglia</a></li>

<li><a href="Mano_Brown" title="Mano Brown">Mano Brown</a></li>

<li><a href="Marisa_Monte" title="Marisa Monte">Marisa Monte</a></li>

<li><a href="Matheus_Nachtergaele" title="Matheus Nachtergaele">Matheus Nachtergaele</a></li>

<li>Ogã Bangbala</li>

<li>Orlando Senna</li>

<li><a href="Oskar_Metsavaht" title="Oskar Metsavaht">Oskar Metsavaht</a></li>

<li><a href="Patr%C3%ADcia_Pillar" title="Patrícia Pillar">Patrícia Pillar</a></li>

<li>Paulo Martins</li>

<li>Tião Oleiro</li>

<li><a href="Vange_Leonel" title="Vange Leonel">Vange Leonel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Adylson Godoy</li>

<li><a href="Ailton_Krenak" title="Ailton Krenak">Ailton Krenak</a></li>

<li><a href="Aldyr_Schlee" title="Aldyr Schlee">Aldyr Schlee</a></li>

<li>Antônio Araújo</li>

<li><a href="Arnaldo_Antunes" title="Arnaldo Antunes">Arnaldo Antunes</a></li>

<li>As Ceguinhas de Campina Grande</li>

<li><a href="Augusto_de_Campos" title="Augusto de Campos">Augusto de Campos</a></li>

<li>Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre</li>

<li>Centro de Memória do Circo</li>

<li>Cesare La Rocca</li>

<li>Comissão Guarani Yvyrupa</li>

<li><a href="Daniela_Mercury" title="Daniela Mercury">Daniela Mercury</a></li>

<li><a href="Davi_Kopenawa_Yanomami" title="Davi Kopenawa Yanomami">Davi Kopenawa Yanomami</a></li>

<li>Eva Schul</li>

<li><a href="Humberto_Teixeira" title="Humberto Teixeira">Humberto Teixeira</a></li>

<li>Italo Campofiorito</li>

<li>Mestre <a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Grande" title="João Grande">João Grande</a></li>

<li>José Mourão</li>

<li>Luís Humberto</li>

<li><a href="Marcelo_Yuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Yuka">Marcelo Yuka</a></li>

<li><a href="Ni%C3%A8de_Guidon" title="Niède Guidon">Niède Guidon</a></li>

<li>Paulo Herkenhoff</li>

<li><a href="Rolando_Boldrin" title="Rolando Boldrin">Rolando Boldrin</a></li>

<li>Ruy Cezar</li>

<li>Sociedade Musical Curica</li>

<li><a href="S%C3%B4nia_Guajajara" title="Sônia Guajajara">Sônia Guajajara</a></li>

<li>Tribo de Atuadores</li>

<li>Uruhu Mehinako</li>

<li>Vanisa Santiago</li>

<li>Vera Tostes</li>

<li><a href="Walter_Carvalho" title="Walter Carvalho">Walter Carvalho</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abel Gomes</li>

<li>Alcymar Monteiro</li>

<li>Ana Mae Barbosa</li>

<li><a href="Andrucha_Waddington" title="Andrucha Waddington">Andrucha Waddington</a></li>

<li><a href="Beatriz_Milhazes" title="Beatriz Milhazes">Beatriz Milhazes</a></li>

<li>Carlinhos de Jesus</li>

<li>Carlos Alberto Serpa de Oliveira</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Vereza" title="Carlos Vereza">Carlos Vereza</a></li>

<li><a href="Clementina_de_Jesus" title="Clementina de Jesus">Clementina de Jesus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dona_Ivone_Lara" title="Dona Ivone Lara">Dona Ivone Lara</a></li>

<li><a href="Donga_(musician)" title="Donga (musician)">Donga</a></li>

<li><a href="Fernando_Meirelles" title="Fernando Meirelles">Fernando Meirelles</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferreira_Gullar" title="Ferreira Gullar">Ferreira Gullar</a></li>

<li>Focus Cia. De Dança</li>

<li>Fred Gelli</li>

<li>Fundação Darcy Ribeiro</li>

<li>Grupo Teatro da Laje</li>

<li><a href="Ricardo_Brennand_Institute" title="Ricardo Brennand Institute">Instituto Ricardo Brennand</a></li>

<li>Isaurinha Garcia</li>

<li><a href="Ismael_Silva_(musician)" title="Ismael Silva (musician)">Ismael Silva</a></li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Arag%C3%A3o" title="Jorge Aragão">Jorge Aragão</a></li>

<li><a href="Jovelina_P%C3%A9rola_Negra" title="Jovelina Pérola Negra">Jovelina Pérola Negra</a></li>

<li>Maracatu Feminino Coração Nazareno</li>

<li>Marcus Faustini</li>

<li><a href="Mauro_Mendon%C3%A7a" title="Mauro Mendonça">Mauro Mendonça</a></li>

<li>Museu do Samba</li>

<li><a href="Neguinho_da_Beija-Flor" title="Neguinho da Beija-Flor">Neguinho da Beija-Flor</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Sargento" title="Nelson Sargento">Nelson Sargento</a></li>

<li>Papete</li>

<li>Ricardo Cravo Albin</li>

<li>Rildo Hora</li>

<li><a href="Rosa_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Rosa Magalhães">Rosa Magalhães</a></li>

<li>Rosa Maria Araújo</li>

<li>Silas de Oliveira</li>

<li><a href="Vik_Muniz" title="Vik Muniz">Vik Muniz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Afonso Oliveira</li>

<li>Ana Maria Nobrega Miranda</li>

<li>Augusto Marzagão</li>

<li>Beto Kelner</li>

<li><a href="Carla_Camurati" title="Carla Camurati">Carla Camurati</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Tufvesson" title="Carlos Tufvesson">Carlos Tufvesson</a></li>

<li><a href="Cl%C3%A1udia_Costin" title="Cláudia Costin">Cláudia Costin</a></li>

<li><a href="Domingo_Alzugaray" title="Domingo Alzugaray">Domingo Alzugaray</a></li>

<li><a href="Dona_Onete" title="Dona Onete">Dona Onete</a></li>

<li><a href="Eduardo_Portella" title="Eduardo Portella">Eduardo Portella</a></li>

<li>Eduardo Saron Nunes</li>

<li>Fernando Alterio</li>

<li><a href="Galo_da_Madrugada" title="Galo da Madrugada">Galo da Madrugada</a></li>

<li><a href="Genival_Lacerda" title="Genival Lacerda">Genival Lacerda</a></li>

<li>Ivo Barroso</li>

<li>Jair de Souza</li>

<li>Luciane Gorgulho</li>

<li>Luis Severiano Ribeiro</li>

<li>Luiz Calainho</li>

<li>Marcelo Bertini</li>

<li><a href="Marcelo_Bratke" title="Marcelo Bratke">Marcelo Bratke</a></li>

<li>Marcelo Dantas</li>

<li>Maria Ignez Mantovani</li>

<li>Moeller & Botelho Produções Artísticas</li>

<li>Mãe Neide Oyá D´Oxum</li>

<li>Paulo Cruz</li>

<li>Pierre André Mantovani</li>

<li><a href="Renato_Arag%C3%A3o" title="Renato Aragão">Renato Aragão</a></li>

<li>Ricardo Amaral</li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Minczuk" title="Roberto Minczuk">Roberto Minczuk</a></li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Santucci" title="Roberto Santucci">Roberto Santucci</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chacrinha" title="Chacrinha">Abelardo Barbosa</a> </li>

<li>Antonio Mazzafera</li>

<li>Biblioteca Oliveira Lima </li>

<li>Bruno Wainer </li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Saldanha" title="Carlos Saldanha">Carlos Saldanha</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Vereza" title="Carlos Vereza">Carlos Vereza</a> </li>

<li><a href="Ded%C3%A9_Santana" title="Dedé Santana">Dedé Santana</a> </li>

<li><a href="Eva_Sopher" title="Eva Sopher">Eva Sopher</a> </li>

<li><a href="Eva_Wilma" title="Eva Wilma">Eva Wilma</a></li>

<li>Festival Villa Mix</li>

<li>Guilherme Fiuza </li>

<li><a href="Instituto_Hist%C3%B3rico_e_Geogr%C3%A1fico_Brasileiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro">Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro</a> </li>

<li>Jorge Caldeira</li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio" class="mw-redirect" title="José Bonifácio">José Bonifácio</a></li>

<li>Kati Almeida Braga</li>

<li>King's Brazil Institute </li>

<li>Luiz Oscar Niemeyer </li>

<li>Marcelo Castello Branco </li>

<li>Marcio Fraccaroli</li>

<li>Martim Vasques da Cunha</li>

<li><a href="Milton_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Milton Gonçalves">Milton Gonçalves</a> </li>

<li>Monah Delacy</li>

<li><a href="Museu_de_Arte_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu de Arte de São Paulo">Museu de Arte de São Paulo</a> </li>

<li>Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro </li>

<li><a href="Museu_de_Arte_Moderna_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo">Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo</a> </li>

<li>Museu da Gente Sergipana</li>

<li>Orquestra Filarmônica de Minas Gerais </li>

<li>Roberto Teixeira da Costa</li>

<li>Saulo Ferreira</li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9rgio_Mendes" title="Sérgio Mendes">Sérgio Mendes</a> </li>

<li>Sérgio Mielniczenko </li>

<li><a href="Thiago_Soares" title="Thiago Soares">Thiago Soares</a></li>

<li>Trio Roraimeira</li>

<li><a href="Wanda_S%C3%A1" title="Wanda Sá">Wanda Sá</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Not awarded</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ala%C3%ADde_Costa" title="Alaíde Costa">Alaíde Costa</a> </li>

<li><a href="Alceu_Valen%C3%A7a" title="Alceu Valença">Alceu Valença</a> </li>

<li><a href="Aldir_Blanc" title="Aldir Blanc">Aldir Blanc</a> </li>

<li><a href="Alcione_Nazareth" title="Alcione Nazareth">Alcione</a> </li>

<li><a href="Tony_Tornado" title="Tony Tornado">Tony Tornado</a> </li>

<li><a href="Arlindo_Cruz" title="Arlindo Cruz">Arlindo Cruz</a> </li>

<li><a href="Ary_Fontoura" title="Ary Fontoura">Ary Fontoura</a> </li>

<li>Danilo Santos de Miranda </li>

<li><a href="Chit%C3%A3ozinho_%26_Xoror%C3%B3" title="Chitãozinho & Xororó">Xororó</a> </li>

<li><a href="Beth_Carvalho" title="Beth Carvalho">Beth Carvalho</a> </li>

<li>Bagre Fagundes </li>

<li><a href="Fernanda_Torres" title="Fernanda Torres">Fernanda Torres</a> </li>

<li><a href="Chico_C%C3%A9sar" title="Chico César">Chico César</a> </li>

<li>Isaurinha Garcia </li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_Martins" title="João Carlos Martins">João Carlos Martins</a> </li>

<li><a href="Chit%C3%A3ozinho_%26_Xoror%C3%B3" title="Chitãozinho & Xororó">Chitãozinho</a> </li>

<li><a href="Laura_Cardoso" title="Laura Cardoso">Laura Cardoso</a> </li>

<li><a href="Leci_Brand%C3%A3o" title="Leci Brandão">Leci Brandão</a> </li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A9a_Garcia" title="Léa Garcia">Léa Garcia</a> </li>

<li>Anastácia </li>

<li><a href="Marcelo_Rubens_Paiva" title="Marcelo Rubens Paiva">Marcelo Rubens Paiva</a> </li>

<li>Maria Carlota Fernandes Bruno </li>

<li><a href="Xuxa_Meneghel" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuxa Meneghel">Xuxa Meneghel</a> </li>

<li><a href="Zez%C3%A9_Motta" title="Zezé Motta">Zezé Motta</a> </li>

<li><a href="Lia_de_Itamarac%C3%A1" title="Lia de Itamaracá">Lia de Itamaracá</a> </li>

<li><a href="Mar%C3%ADlia_Mendon%C3%A7a" title="Marília Mendonça">Marília Mendonça</a> </li>

<li><a href="Martinho_da_Vila" title="Martinho da Vila">Martinho da Vila</a> </li>

<li><a href="Mateus_Aleluia" title="Mateus Aleluia">Mateus Aleluia</a> </li>

<li><a href="Milton_Nascimento" title="Milton Nascimento">Milton Nascimento</a> </li>

<li>Moacyr Luz </li>

<li><a href="Ney_Matogrosso" title="Ney Matogrosso">Ney Matogrosso</a> </li>

<li><a href="Gl%C3%B3ria_Menezes" title="Glória Menezes">Glória Menezes</a> </li>

<li><a href="Othon_Bastos" title="Othon Bastos">Othon Bastos</a> </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Gustavo" title="Paulo Gustavo">Paulo Gustavo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Leminski" title="Paulo Leminski">Paulo Leminski</a> </li>

<li>Mestre Moa do Katendê </li>

<li><a href="Ros%C3%A2ngela_Lula_da_Silva" title="Rosângela Lula da Silva">Rosângela Lula da Silva</a> </li>

<li><a href="Rosa_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Rosa Magalhães">Rosa Magalhães</a> </li>

<li>Vladimir Carvalho </li>

<li><a href="Walter_Salles" title="Walter Salles">Walter Salles</a> </li>

<li><a href="N%C3%AAgo_Bispo" title="Nêgo Bispo">Nêgo Bispo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Tony_Bellotto" title="Tony Bellotto">Tony Bellotto</a> </li>

<li><a href="Rappin'_Hood" title="Rappin' Hood">Rappin' Hood</a> </li>

<li>Armandinho </li>

<li><a href="Bemvindo_Sequeira" title="Bemvindo Sequeira">Bemvindo Sequeira</a> </li>

<li><a href="B%C3%A1rbara_Paz" title="Bárbara Paz">Bárbara Paz</a> </li>

<li><a href="Camila_Pitanga" title="Camila Pitanga">Camila Pitanga</a> </li>

<li>Clóvis Júnior </li>

<li><a href="Dalton_Trevisan" title="Dalton Trevisan">Dalton Trevisan</a> </li>

<li>Dalva Damiana de Freitas (Dona Dalva) </li>

<li>Damasceno Gregório dos Santos (Mestre Damasceno) </li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Munduruku" title="Daniel Munduruku">Daniel Munduruku</a> </li>

<li><a href="Bete_Mendes" title="Bete Mendes">Bete Mendes</a> </li>

<li>Espedito Veloso de Carvalho (Mestre Espedito Seleiro) </li>

<li>Flora Gil </li>

<li><a href="Chico_D%C3%ADaz" title="Chico Díaz">Chico Díaz</a> </li>

<li><a href="Dona_Onete" title="Dona Onete">Dona Onete</a> </li>

<li><a href="Joaquim_Francisco_de_Assis_Brasil" title="Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil">Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil</a> </li>

<li><a href="Jorge_Furtado" title="Jorge Furtado">Jorge Furtado</a> </li>

<li>Kleber Lucas </li>

<li><a href="Emicida" title="Emicida">Emicida</a> </li>

<li><a href="Lilia_Moritz_Schwarcz" title="Lilia Moritz Schwarcz">Lilia Schwarcz</a> </li>

<li>Cristina Pereira </li>

<li><a href="Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Evaristo" title="Conceição Evaristo">Conceição Evaristo</a> </li>

<li><a href="Marilena_Chau%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilena Chauí">Marilena Chauí</a> </li>

<li>Orlando Brito </li>

<li>Osmar Prado </li>

<li>Paula Lavigne </li>

<li><a href="Paulo_Betti" title="Paulo Betti">Paulo Betti</a> </li>

<li><a href="Preta_Gil" title="Preta Gil">Preta Gil</a> </li>

<li><a href="Silvio_Tendler" title="Silvio Tendler">Silvio Tendler</a> </li>

<li><a href="Teresa_Cristina_(singer)" title="Teresa Cristina (singer)">Teresa Cristina</a> </li>

<li><a href="Z%C3%A9lia_Duncan" title="Zélia Duncan">Zélia Duncan</a> </li>

<li><a href="Alice_Ruiz" title="Alice Ruiz">Alice Ruiz</a> </li>

<li>Denilson Baniwa </li>

<li>Eliane Potiguara </li>

<li><a href="Elisa_Lucinda" title="Elisa Lucinda">Elisa Lucinda</a> </li>

<li>Elomar </li>

<li>Pai Geová </li>

<li><a href="Greg%C3%B3rio_Duvivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregório Duvivier">Gregório Duvivier</a> </li>

<li>Harildo Déda </li>

<li><a href="Helo%C3%ADsa_P%C3%A9riss%C3%A9" title="Heloísa Périssé">Heloísa Périssé</a> </li>

<li>Igor Faria </li>

<li>Isabel Caira Gasparino - Rainha Belinha do Congado de Minas Gerais </li>

<li><a href="Jaider_Esbell" title="Jaider Esbell">Jaider Esbell</a> </li>

<li>Jurema de Souza Machado </li>

<li>Lia Rodrigues </li>

<li><a href="Liniker" title="Liniker">Liniker</a> </li>

<li>Lucely Pio </li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A1zaro_Ramos" title="Lázaro Ramos">Lázaro Ramos</a> </li>

<li>Luiz Fernando de Almeida </li>

<li><a href="Maeve_Jinkings" title="Maeve Jinkings">Maeve Jinkings</a> </li>

<li><a href="Maria_Rita" title="Maria Rita">Maria Rita</a> </li>

<li><a href="Lauana_Prado" title="Lauana Prado">Lauana Prado</a> </li>

<li>Mônica Martelli </li>

<li><a href="Nicette_Bruno" title="Nicette Bruno">Nicette Bruno</a> </li>

<li>Odair José </li>

<li><a href="Paula_Lima" title="Paula Lima">Paula Lima</a> </li>

<li>Paulo César Pereira de Oliveira (Bàbá Paulo Ifatide) </li>

<li>Paulo Vieira </li>

<li>Rafa Rafuagi </li>

<li>Rita Benneditto </li>

<li><a href="Roberta_S%C3%A1" title="Roberta Sá">Roberta Sá</a> </li>

<li>Rogéria Holtz </li>

<li>Sérgio Vaz </li>

<li><a href="Thalma_de_Freitas" title="Thalma de Freitas">Thalma de Freitas</a> </li>

<li>Valdeck de Garanhuns </li>

<li>Valdir Calado (Mestre Dico) </li>

<li>Vilma Melo </li>

<li>Wallace Pato </li>

<li>Associação dos Produtores Teatrais </li>

<li>Balé Folclórico da Bahia </li>

<li>Companhia Teatral Vem Viver </li>

<li>Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre </li>

<li><a href="Festival_Amazonas_de_%C3%93pera" title="Festival Amazonas de Ópera">Festival Amazonas de Ópera</a> </li>

<li><a href="Parintins_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Parintins Festival">Festival de Parintins</a> </li>

<li><a href="Grupo_Corpo" title="Grupo Corpo">Grupo Corpo</a> </li>

<li>Grupo Gira Dança </li>

<li>Museu da Diversidade Sexual </li>

<li><a href="Museu_da_L%C3%ADngua_Portuguesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu da Língua Portuguesa">Museu da Língua Portuguesa</a> </li>

<li>Museu dos Quilombos e Favelas Urbanos - Muquifu </li>

<li>Ocupa MinC </li>

<li><a href="Organiza%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizações Globo">Organizações Globo</a> </li>

<li>Spetaculu - Escola de Arte e Tecnologia</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2728" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2728" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121392750">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73831435">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/63650">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmHMcqfyQHmCt9tcGgMyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118512145">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80145210">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11892467d">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11892467d">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153386&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1187842">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/14752">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069244235">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=94758">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201862877">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmqxrr04vd85g">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810671015705606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007279108105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058602683706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14801407">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118512145">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/794009">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118512145.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118512145">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026733994">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/90e03c25-14a1-4f90-9c61-ba9d60064fdf">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Augusto_Boal&oldid=1304347233">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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